Not always. Black pepper contains Piperine which also effects the TRPV1 sensing protein like capsaicin, if a bit weaker. Horseradish, mustard and wasabi have Allyl isothiocyanate which affects TRPV1 but also TRPA1 which triggers pain cold and itching response, leading to coughing and tearing.
There are a fair amount of other compounds that effect the TRPV1 and plenty of other similar receptors.
That compound is capsaicin.
Not always. Black pepper contains Piperine which also effects the TRPV1 sensing protein like capsaicin, if a bit weaker. Horseradish, mustard and wasabi have Allyl isothiocyanate which affects TRPV1 but also TRPA1 which triggers pain cold and itching response, leading to coughing and tearing.
There are a fair amount of other compounds that effect the TRPV1 and plenty of other similar receptors.