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Cake day: August 4th, 2023

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  • they appear to presuppose a humanized God, who follows a similar thought process which is expected to be understandable to us

    The core of the argument arises from the hellenistic idea of god being a perfect being. Perfection requires omnipotence, omniscience omnibenevolence (and some other characteristics that we can ignore right now). Philosophers could demonstrate that these ideas are in contradiction of what we see in our world. All of this was well known before Christianity developed which is why they bear the name of the greek philosopher Epicurus.

    Christianity arose in Israel and the hellenistic near east in both philosophical traditions. For example Paul who was of Jewish ancestry, grew up in a Roman city and spoke Greek, Aramaic and Hebrew. He had both a formal Jewish and Greek education and was clearly understood Stoic philosophy. Later, the church fathers shaped christian doctrine with their knowledge of philosophy, in particular St Augustine introduced many neo-Platonist ideas in which the idea of god is ‘perfect’.

    The idea of perfection immediately leads to the omni-powers discussed above. It also leads god to existing outside time (for if you are in time, you change. If you change you must either become better (i.e. you were not perfect) or worse (i.e. you are now not perfect)). It also allows god to be the prime mover or original cause of the universe recapitulating well rehearsed Greek philosophy of the previous centuries.

    Again, all these arguments are pure logic exploring what perfect knowledge, perfect power and perfect goodness mean, and comparing this to the state of the world and how the world was brought into being. They don’t require anything of god except to be perfect.



  • You’re in luck!

    Why would you carry an Axe over the should opposite the hand you’re holding it with?

    That’s not an axe, it’s a bindle - exactly what a fool (in french, le fou) would carry.

    What is up with his pants

    He’s wearing medieval trousers - that is in fact two ‘hose’

    These trousers, which we would today call tights but which were still called hose or sometimes joined hose at the time, emerged late in the fifteenth century and were conspicuous by their open crotch which was covered by an independently fastening front panel, the codpiece.

    And again le fou is so stupid, his junk is out and all over the place.

    See: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trousers




  • I don’t remember anything in the Bible about God being omnibenevolent. That seems to have been added to Christian doctrine by later religious philosophers.

    These properties were indeed added but it was by the church fathers very early in church history when christianity was very different in belief and form compared with today.

    At this time the early church interacted with greek and roman ideas to create a new religion to differentiate it from Judaism from which it was born - you can see some of this debate in the new testament between the traditional jewish pov (such as in Matthew in the sermon on the mount) and different laws for non-jews such as circumcision not being needed in Paul’s letters.

    In exactly the same way, it’s impossible to find the doctrine of the trinity in the bible. And yet the trinity is declared in the nicene creed and is the keystone to christian identity


  • Sad things, tragedy, and death are not the same as evil

    Agreed.

    Evil is a moral judgement describing a motive or agent (in the sense of something with agency, something that causes something to happen). Sad things, tragedy and death are not in and of themselves evil, they are the result of evil.

    When a person does things that directly cause immense suffering on purpose, we can say the evil came from a human.

    Now on to god. God is normally ascribed the properties of omniscience, omnipotence and all omnibenevolence. In addition God caused the universe to come into being.

    As he is omniscient he knew the world he created would cause untold suffering and so either he is not omnipotent (i e. Could not create a world without suffering) or omnibenevolent (i.e. is fine with a world where the innocent suffers. (The comments have several versions of this argument done better than I could).

    If we argue that it’s impossible to create a world without suffering, then what is heaven?

    You’re talking about ‘the problem of suffering’ not ‘the problem of evil’

    No, I’m highlighting the real problem of evil - that it seems inherent to the world that an omniscient, omnipotent and omnibenevolent created.





  • Islam, just like Christianity, has many different groups that believe the same basic doctrine but disagree on many points. The main splits in Islam (that echo some aspects of the Catholic vs. Protestant split) as Sunni and Shia. Each divides and divides again into small communities centred on one mosque (just as, eg, Protestantism divides and divides down to individual congregations).

    The big question is: how do groups of people decide which parts of the religious documents, history and practice are more relevant or even correct?

    Some groups are quite ‘secular’ (like the Church of England) while others are quite ‘fundamental’, meaning that they much more strictly follow whatever the group decides are the foundation of the religion.

    Is it possible to be able so say which of these groups is right? It seems to me that we have been fighting over this since before records began, so we most definitely do not have a way to do this that any majority agrees with. I don’t think anyone can say:

    Islamist groups purposely … twist actual Islamic ideology while the Christian Right just doesn’t understand the religious text they claim to follow.






  • Actually, PDF is a turing complete programming language.

    PDF is a simplification and wrapper around the computer language PostScript - a PostScript or PDF doc literally runs on the printer or computer and outputs the rasterisation of the thing you want to print.

    PostScript is language based around a stack. You can define functions (which may be fully recursive) that run on the stack.

    Here’s a small example:

    /ANGLE {
       newpath
       100 0 moveto
       0 0 lineto
       100 50 lineto
       stroke
    } def
    
    10 setlinewidth
    0 setlinejoin
    100 200 translate
    ANGLE
    
    1 setlinejoin
    0 70 translate
    ANGLE
    
    2 setlinejoin
    0 70 translate
    ANGLE
    

    As such, PDF that’s actually similar to Python, and HTML is closer to something like a JSON or XML document.

    Note however that HTML can contain Javscript or WASM programs, but these are embedded rather than features of HTML.